Arizona Proposition 208, Tax on Incomes Exceeding $250,000 for Teacher Salaries and Schools Initiative (2020)
Arizona Proposition 208 | |
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Election date November 3, 2020 | |
Topic Taxes and Education | |
Status / Overturned | |
Type State statute | Origin Citizens |
Arizona Proposition 208, the Tax on Incomes Exceeding $250,000 for Teacher Salaries and Schools Initiative, was on the ballot in Arizona as an initiated state statute on November 3, 2020. It was approved but then overturned by a court ruling.
A "yes" vote supported this ballot initiative to: * enact a 3.50% income tax, in addition to the existing income tax (4.50% in 2020), on income above $250,000 (single filing) or $500,000 (joint filing) and * distribute the revenue from the 3.50% income tax to teacher and classroom support staff salaries, teacher mentoring and retention programs, career and technical education programs, and the Arizona Teachers Academy. |
A "no" vote opposed this ballot initiative, thus keeping the highest income tax rate at 4.50% (in 2020) on income above $159,000 (single filing) or $318,000 (joint filing). |
Aftermath
Fann v. Yee
Lawsuit overview | |
Issue: Whether the initiative violates the Arizona Constitution by authorizing taxation outside the procedures prescribed in the constitution; whether the initiative violates the state legislature's power to appropriate tax revenue | |
Court: Arizona Superior Court and Maricopa County Superior Court | |
Ruling: The Arizona Supreme Court ruled that the initiative's funding provisions do not fall under the constitution's definition of a grant and that those provisions were not separable and remanded the case back to the lower court; a Maricopa County Superior Court judge ruled the initiative's funding provisions based on the instructions from the supreme court were unconstitutional and overturned the initiative | |
Plaintiff(s): State Senate President Karen Fann (R), Speaker of the Arizona House of Representatives Russell Bowers (R), State Senator David Gowan (R), State Senator Venden Leach (R), State Representative Regina Cobb (R), State Representative John Kavanaugh (R), Montie Lee of Lee Farms, State Representative Steve Pierce (R), Dr. Francis Surdakowski, No on 28, and Arizona Free Enterprise Club | Defendant(s): Arizona State Treasurer Kimberly Yee (R) and Director of the Arizona Department of Revenue Carlton Woodruff |
Plaintiff argument: The initiative violates the Arizona Constitution because it authorizes a tax outside of the means prescribed in the constitution, infringes on the state legislature's power to allocate tax revenue, and violates the state constitution's appropriation limits for education. | Defendant argument: The revenue generated by the initiative falls under the constitution's definition of a grant and, therefore, the spending limits and restrictions applied to taxes do not apply |
Source: KTAR
On November 30, 2020, the Goldwater Institute filed a lawsuit on behalf of the plaintiffs in the Arizona Superior Court, arguing that Proposition 208 violated the Arizona Constitution because the ballot initiative authorized a tax. Plaintiffs argued that the state constitution says that a tax can only be adopted by a two-thirds vote of the state legislature. According to the plaintiffs, the state constitution prohibited citizens from enacting laws which the legislature cannot itself enact. They also stated that the initiative sought "to exempt itself from the expenditure limitations for school districts specified in the Arizona Constitution;" violated the Revenue Source Rule in the Arizona Constitution; and restricted "the legislature’s ability to exercise its constitutional authority to appropriate general funds."[1]
On February 10, 2021, Judge John Hannah Jr. rejected plaintiffs' request for an injunction.[2] On June 15, 2021, Judge Hannah rejected the arguments against Proposition 208, except the question of whether the initiative's school grants violated the state spending limit.[3]
On August 19, 2021, the Arizona Supreme Court determined that the initiative's funding provisions did not fall under the constitution's definition of a grant, as defendants had argued, and " is, therefore, unconstitutional to the extent it mandates expending tax revenues in violation of the Education Expenditure Clause." However, the court did not rule that the entire initiative was unconstitutional. The court remanded the case back to the trial court.[4]
On March 11, 2022, Maricopa County Superior Court Judge John Hannah ruled that the initiative was unconstitutional and overturned it. Hannah's ruling was based on the ruling from the Arizona Supreme Court. Hannah wrote, "This Court understands the remand order as a direction to declare Proposition 208 unconstitutional in its entirety, and to enjoin its operation permanently, if the Court finds as a fact that the annual education spending limits imposed by the Arizona Constitution will prevent Arizona’s public schools from spending a 'material' amount of Proposition 208 tax revenue in 2023. On that basis, the Court is obligated to strike down Proposition 208.” Hannah's ruling also stated that initiative sponsors could appeal since the supreme court's opinion was based on the initiative abstractly and that future concrete revenue scenarios could present different results for the case.[5]
Governor Doug Ducey (R) said, "This ruling is a win for Arizona taxpayers. It’s another step in undoing the damage of Prop. 208 and making sure we continue to benefit from having the lowest flat income tax rate in the nation."[6]
Rebecca Gau, CEO of Stand for Children, a partner of initiative sponsor Invest in Education, said, “We still have an opportunity. We have a $1 billion budget surplus, even with the tax cut they (lawmakers) want to get through." Gau said initiative proponents would consider an appeal.[6]
Election results
Arizona Proposition 208 |
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Result | Votes | Percentage | ||
1,675,810 | 51.75% | |||
No | 1,562,639 | 48.25% |
Overview
How was the ballot initiative designed to increase income taxes?
The ballot initiative enacted a 3.50% income tax, in addition to the existing income tax, on taxable income above $250,000 (single filing) or $500,000 (joint filing).[7] In Arizona, business owners also filed pass-through income from sole proprietorships, partnerships, LLCs, and S Corporations under the individual income tax code.[8]
As of 2020, the highest income tax in Arizona was 4.50%, which was levied on income above $159,000 (single filing) or $318,000 (joint filing). Based on the then-existing income tax rates, the ballot initiative would have had the effect of increasing the tax rate from 4.50% to 8.00% on income above $250,000 (single filing) or $500,000 (joint filing).[7]
How was the tax revenue set to be distributed?
The ballot initiative required that revenue from the 3.50% income tax be placed in the Student Support and Safety Fund (SSSF), which, after funding administrative costs, was set to be distributed as follows:[7]
- 50% as grants to (i) school districts, (ii) charter schools, and (iii) state schools for the deaf and blind—in proportion to the weighted student count—to hire teachers and classroom support personnel and increase base compensation for teachers and classroom support personnel;
- 25% as grants to (i) school districts, (ii) charter schools, and (iii) state schools for the deaf and blind—in proportion to the weighted student count—to hire student support services personnel and increasing base compensation for student support services personnel;
- 10% as grants to (i) school districts, (ii) charter schools, and (iii) state schools for the deaf and blind—in proportion to the weighted student count—to provide mentoring and retention programming for new classroom teachers;
- 12% to the Career Training and Workforce Fund, which would provide multi-year grants to school districts, charter schools, and career technical districts for career and technical programs for grades 9-12, college-level educational opportunities, academic acceleration programs, tutoring, mentoring, counseling, mental health services for high school students, and hiring school counselors; and
- 3% to the Arizona Teachers Academy Fund, which was created to provide incentives and mentoring for students to become teachers and teach within the public school system.
Who was behind the campaigns surrounding the ballot initiative?
- See also: Campaign finance
Invest in Education led the campaign in support of Proposition 208. Amber Gould, a high school teacher and state director of the National Education Association, was chairperson of Invest in Education. The campaign received $22.9 million. Stand for Children, Inc., a 501(c)(4) nonprofit that focuses on education policies, provided $9.8 million to Invest in Education. The National Education Association, a 501(c)(5) teachers’ organization, contributed $7.8 million.
Arizonans for Great Schools and a Strong Economy led the campaign against Proposition 208. Jaime Molera, a former Arizona Superintendent of Public Instruction, was chairperson of the campaign. The Arizona Chamber of Commerce and Industry organized the campaign committee.[9] The campaign, along with the No on 208 PAC, received $8.3 million, including $640,000 from SAC Holding Corp. and $350,000 from the Arizona Chamber of Commerce.
Text of measure
Ballot title
The ballot title was as follows:[10]
“ | The law would impose a 3.5% tax surcharge on taxable annual income over $250,000 for single persons or married persons filing separately, or $500,000 for married persons filing jointly or heads of households, to increase funding for public education.[11] | ” |
Full text
The full text of the ballot initiative is below:[7]
The width auto is invalid.
Readability score
- See also: Ballot measure readability scores, 2020
Using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL and Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) formulas, Ballotpedia scored the readability of the ballot title and summary for this measure. Readability scores are designed to indicate the reading difficulty of text. The Flesch-Kincaid formulas account for the number of words, syllables, and sentences in a text; they do not account for the difficulty of the ideas in the text. The attorney general wrote the ballot language for this measure.
|
Support
Invest in Education, also known as Yes on 208, led the campaign in support of the ballot initiative.[12] Amber Gould, a high school teacher and state director of the National Education Association, was chairperson of Invest in Education.[13]
Supporters
Officials
- Vermont U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders (Independent)
- U.S. Representative Ruben Gallego (D)
- U.S. Representative Greg Stanton (D)
- State Senator Lela Alston (D)
- State Senator Sean Bowie (D)
- State Senator David Bradley (D)
- State Senator Andrea Dalessandro (D)
- State Senator Sally Ann Gonzales (D)
- State Senator Juan Mendez (D)
- State Senator Tony Navarrete (D)
- State Senator Jamescita Peshlakai (D)
- State Senator Martin Quezada (Nonpartisan)
- State Senator Rebecca Rios (D)
- State Senator Victoria Steele (D)
- State Representative Reginald Bolding (D)
- State Representative Andres Cano (D)
- State Representative Cesar Chavez (D)
- State Representative Kirsten Engel (D)
- State Representative Diego Espinoza (D)
- State Representative Charlene Fernandez (D)
- State Representative Randall Friese (D)
- State Representative Rosanna Gabaldon (D)
- State Representative Jennifer Jermaine (D)
- State Representative Jennifer Longdon (D)
- State Representative Jennifer Pawlik (D)
- State Representative Amish Shah (D)
- State Representative Lorenzo Sierra (D)
- State Representative Raquel Terán (D)
- Superintendent of Public Instruction Kathy Hoffman (D)
Political Parties
Unions
Organizations
- Arizona Center for Economic Progress
- Arizona Education Association
- Arizona Interfaith Network
- Children's Action Alliance
- Democracy for America
- Stand for Children, Inc.
Arguments
Opposition
Arizonans for Great Schools and a Strong Economy, also known as No on 208, led the campaign in opposition to Proposition 208.[14]
Opponents
Officials
- U.S. Representative Andy Biggs (R)
- U.S. Representative Debbie Lesko (R)
- U.S. Representative David Schweikert (R)
- Governor Doug Ducey (R)
- Senate President Karen Fann (R)
- State Senator David Gowan (R)
- State Senator Sine Kerr (R)
- State Senator Vince Leach (R)
- State Senator David Livingston (R)
- State Senator Kate Brophy McGee (Nonpartisan)
- State Senator Javan Daniel Mesnard (R)
- State Senator Michelle Ugenti-Rita (R)
- Speaker of the House Russell Bowers (R)
- State Representative Thomas Shope (R)
- Attorney General Mark Brnovich (R)
- State Treasurer Kimberly Yee (R)
Organizations
- Americans for Prosperity
- Americans for Tax Reform
- Arizona Association of Realtors
- Arizona Automobile Dealers Association
- Arizona Chamber of Commerce and Industry
- Arizona Farm Bureau
- Arizona Lodging & Tourism Association
- Arizona Manufacturers Council
- Arizona Small Business Association
- Arizona Tax Research Association
- Chandler Chamber of Commerce
- Commercial Real Estate Development Association, Arizona Chapter
- Free Enterprise Club
- Gilbert Chamber of Commerce
- Goldwater Institute
- Greater Phoenix Chamber of Commerce
- Mesa Chamber of Commerce
- National Federation of Independent Business
- Scottsdale Area Chamber of Commerce
- Southern Arizona Leadership Council
- Tempe Chamber of Commerce
- Tucson Metro Chamber
Arguments
Campaign finance
The Invest in Education PAC was registered in support of the ballot initiative. The PAC received $22.9 million in contributions, including $9.8 million from Stand for Children, Inc.[13]
The Arizonans for Great Schools and a Strong Economy and No on 208 PACs were registered in opposition to the ballot initiative. The PACs received $8.3 million in contributions, including $640,000 from the SAC Holding Corp.[13]
Cash Contributions | In-Kind Contributions | Total Contributions | Cash Expenditures | Total Expenditures | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Support | $18,540,315.53 | $4,368,667.06 | $22,908,982.59 | $18,455,546.28 | $22,824,213.34 |
Oppose | $8,339,100.11 | $10,239.27 | $8,349,339.38 | $8,067,633.04 | $8,077,872.31 |
Support
The contribution and expenditure totals for the committee in support of the ballot initiative were as follows:[13]
Committees in support of Proposition 208 | |||||
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Committee | Cash Contributions | In-Kind Contributions | Total Contributions | Cash Expenditures | Total Expenditures |
Invest in Education | $18,540,315.53 | $4,368,667.06 | $22,908,982.59 | $18,455,546.28 | $22,824,213.34 |
Total | $18,540,315.53 | $4,368,667.06 | $22,908,982.59 | $18,455,546.28 | $22,824,213.34 |
Donors
The following were the top five donors who contributed to the committee:[13]
Donor | Cash Contributions | In-Kind Contributions | Total Contributions |
---|---|---|---|
Stand for Children, Inc. | $5,500,000.00 | $4,328,616.20 | $9,828,616.20 |
National Education Association | $7,812,000.00 | $0.00 | $7,812,000.00 |
Arizona Education Association | $995,280.31 | $2,510.78 | $997,791.09 |
Open Society Policy Center | $700,000.00 | $0.00 | $700,000.00 |
Stacy Schusterman | $250,000.00 | $0.00 | $250,000.00 |
Opposition
The contribution and expenditure totals for the committee in opposition to the ballot initiative were as follows:[13]
Committees in opposition to Proposition 208 | |||||
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Committee | Cash Contributions | In-Kind Contributions | Total Contributions | Cash Expenditures | Total Expenditures |
Arizonans for Great Schools and a Strong Economy | $4,326,787.10 | $92.00 | $4,326,879.10 | $4,084,878.88 | $4,084,970.88 |
No on 208 | $4,012,313.01 | $10,147.27 | $4,022,460.28 | $3,982,754.16 | $3,992,901.43 |
Total | $8,339,100.11 | $10,239.27 | $8,349,339.38 | $8,067,633.04 | $8,077,872.31 |
Donors
The following were the top five donors who contributed to the committee:[13]
Donor | Cash Contributions | In-Kind Contributions | Total Contributions |
---|---|---|---|
SAC Holding Corp. | $640,000.00 | $0.00 | $640,000.00 |
Arizona Chamber of Commerce | $350,000.00 | $0.00 | $350,000.00 |
J.R. Selby | $250,000.00 | $0.00 | $250,000.00 |
Brad's Tank LLC | $180,000.00 | $0.00 | $180,000.00 |
William Brady | $160,000.00 | $0.00 | $160,000.00 |
Media editorials
Support
The following media editorial boards published an editorial supporting the ballot measure:
Opposition
The following media editorial boards published an editorial opposing the ballot measure:
Polls
- See also: 2020 ballot measure polls
Arizona Proposition 208, Tax on Incomes Exceeding $250,000 for Teacher Salaries and Schools Initiative (2020) | |||||||||||||||||||
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Poll | Support | Oppose | Undecided/Refused | Margin of error | Sample size | ||||||||||||||
Monmouth University Poll 9/11/2020 - 9/15/2020 | 66.0% | 25.0% | 8.0% | +/-4.8 | 420 | ||||||||||||||
Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org. |
Background
Arizona Proposition 207 (2018)
In 2018, Invest in Education campaigned for a ballot initiative, titled Proposition 207. The Arizona Supreme Court removed Proposition 207 from the ballot on August 29, 2018, in a 5-2 opinion. Justices ruled that the petitions should have used the words percentage points, rather than the percent symbol to describe the tax increases, and stated that income tax brackets would no longer be adjusted for inflation.[15]
2019 income tax structure
As of 2019, Arizona had four tax brackets for the personal income tax. The following is an outline of the tax brackets for single filers and joint (married) filers:[16]
Personal income tax rates in Arizona, 2019 rates | |||
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Individual | Joint | ||
Amount | Tax | Amount | Tax |
$0 - $26,500 | 2.59% | $0 - $53,000 | 2.59% |
$26,501 - $53,000 | 3.34% | $53,001 - $106,000 | 3.34% |
$53,001 - $159,000 | 4.17% | $106,001 - $318,000 | 4.17% |
$159,001 and over | 4.50% | $318,001 and over | 4.50% |
Comparison of state income tax structures
As of 2019, 43 states levied a tax on personal income. Of these 43 states, 11 had a flat income tax rate. The flat rates ranged from 2.00 percent in Tennessee to 5.25 percent in North Carolina. The remaining 32 states had graduated tax structures, with various numbers of brackets and ranges. New Hampshire and Tennessee taxed personal income derived from interest and dividends but not wages and salaries.[17]
Comparison of average starting teacher salaries
For the 2018-2019 school year, the National Education Association reported that the average starting salary for a public school teacher was $40,154. Starting salaries ranged from $32,132 in Montana to $52,854 in New Jersey. In Arizona, the average starting salary for a public school teacher was $36,400. Of the 50 states, Arizona ranked 39 in terms of average starting salaries in 2018-2019.[18] In 2018, the governor signed a law to increase teacher salaries by 20 percent over three years beginning in 2018.[19]
Tax policies on the ballot in 2020
- See also: Taxes on the ballot
In 2020, voters in 14 states voted on 21 ballot measures addressing tax-related policies. Ten of the measures addressed taxes on properties, three were related to income tax rates, two addressed tobacco taxes, one addressed business-related taxes, one addressed sales tax rates, one addressed fees and surcharges, and one was related to tax-increment financing (TIF).
Click Show to read details about the tax-related measures on statewide ballots in 2020.
Tax-related policy ballot measures in 2020 | |||||
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Income Tax
Business-Related Taxes
Property-Related Taxes
In Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, New Jersey, and Virginia, voters also decided eight ballot measures related to exemptions, adjustments, and payments: Florida Amendment 5, Florida Amendment 6, Referendum A, Louisiana Amendment 2, Louisiana Amendment 5, Louisiana Amendment 6, New Jersey Question 2, and Virginia Question 2. Sales Tax
Tobacco
Fees
TIF
|
Path to the ballot
Process in Arizona
In Arizona, the number of signatures required to qualify an initiated state statute is equal to 10 percent of the votes cast for the office of governor in the most recent gubernatorial election. Petitions can be circulated for up to 24 months. Signature petitions must be submitted four months prior to the election at which the measure is to appear.
The requirements to get initiated state statutes certified for the 2020 ballot:
- Signatures: 237,645 valid signatures were required.
- Deadline: The deadline to submit signatures was July 2, 2020.
If the secretary of state certifies that enough valid signatures were submitted, the initiative is put on the next general election ballot. The secretary of state verifies the signatures through a random sampling of 5 percent of submitted signatures working in collaboration with county recorders. If the random sampling indicates that valid signatures equal to between 95 percent and 105 percent of the required number were submitted, a full check of all signatures is required. If the random sampling shows fewer signatures, the petition fails. If the random sampling shows more, the initiative is certified for the ballot.
Stages of this initiative
The committee Invest in Education filed the ballot initiative on February 14, 2020.[7] On July 2, 2020, Invest in Education filed 387,422 signatures.[39] Secretary of State Katie Hobbs (D) said that 377,456 signatures were eligible for review. She sent a random sample of 18,873 petition signatures to local election offices for verification; 11,883 of the signatures needed to be valid.[40] On August 21, 2020, Secretary of State Katie Hobbs (D) certified the ballot measure, stating that local officials found 13,636 (of 18,873) signatures to be valid.[41] Based on the validation rate (72.25%) of eligible signatures, Ballotpedia calculated that an estimated 253,046 signatures were valid. At least 237,645 signatures needed to be valid.
Cost of signature collection:
Sponsors of the measure received in-kind contributions from Stand for Children, Inc. to collect signatures for the petition to qualify this measure for the ballot. A total of $4,000,000.00 was spent to collect the 237,645 valid signatures required to put this measure before voters, resulting in a total cost per required signature (CPRS) of $16.83.
Petitioning of Arizona Supreme Court
Coronavirus pandemic |
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Select a topic from the dropdown below to learn more.
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On April 2, 2020, four ballot initiative campaigns filed a petition asking the Arizona Supreme Court to allow the campaigns to gather signatures through E-Qual, which is the state's online signature collection platform, during the coronavirus pandemic. E-Qual is available for federal, statewide, and legislative candidates but not ballot initiatives.[42]
The legal petition stated, "The Novel Coronavirus 2019 (“COVID-19”) pandemic changed, quite literally, everything. ... Although this new reality is essential for public health, it is catastrophic to the Initiative Proponents’ exercise of their fundamental constitutional right. ... In short, signature gathering will halt, and the Initiative Proponents’ hard work and investment is in jeopardy. ... This Petition presents an important legal question of first impression: whether the fundamental constitutional rights of the Initiative Proponents are violated by their exclusion from an online petition signature gathering system maintained by the Secretary in the middle of a public health emergency that severely limits (or outright bars) their ability to otherwise collect initiative petition signatures."[42]
The four ballot initiative campaigns that filed the petition are:[42]
- Arizonans for Second Chances, Rehabilitation, and Public Safety, which is behind the Criminal Justice Procedures for Offenses Defined as Non-Dangerous Initiative;
- Smart and Safe Arizona, which is behind the Marijuana Legalization Initiative;
- Invest in Education, which is behind the Tax on Incomes Exceeding $250,000 for Teacher Salaries and Schools Initiative; and
- Save Our Schools Arizona, which is behind the Limits on Private Education Vouchers Initiative.
Secretary of State Katie Hobbs (D), who was named as the defendant, said she would not oppose the challenge from the campaigns. She stated, "I think that in light of the circumstances that we’re in right now, it’s a reasonable request. We are certainly not opposing it and would hope for a quick resolution... I plan to let the court know that my office can implement the necessary changes, should that be the court’s order... Every voter in the state is eligible to sign an initiative petition. That makes it no different than candidates for statewide office using the system to get the necessary signatures to put their own names on the ballot."[43] Attorney General Mark Brnovich (R) disagreed with the campaigns, stating, "A health crisis is not an excuse to ignore the constitution."[44]
On May 13, 2020, the Arizona Supreme Court ruled against the campaigns in a 6-1 decision.[45]
Molera v. Hobbs
Lawsuit overview | |
Issue: Was the 100-word petition language misleading? Did the payments made to petition circulators violate the state's ban on pay-per-signature? | |
Court: Arizona Supreme Court (Originated in the Maricopa County Superior Court) | |
Ruling: The Arizona Supreme Court ruled that (1) petition language "did not create a significant danger of confusion or unfairness" and (2) the compensation structure and incentives for petition circulators did not violate state law. |
Source: Arizona Supreme Court
Jaime Molera, chairperson of Arizonans for Great Schools and a Strong Economy (AGSSE), filed a lawsuit against the ballot initiative in the Maricopa County Superior Court. According to AGSSE, the 100-word petition language failed to describe how the ballot initiative changes income tax rates. Plaintiffs stated, "Yet by saying the initiative 'establishes a 3.5% surcharge' on this income, the summary gives signers the misimpression that the income is currently untaxed. ... A voter might be willing to tax their fellow citizens 3.5% but not 8%." Plaintiffs also argued that petitioners were paid according to the number of signatures gathered, which was illegal under Arizona's pay-per-signature ban.[46][47]
Joe Thomas, president of the Arizona Education Association, said the campaign anticipated that opponents would file a lawsuit. Thomas said, "We knew lawsuits were coming and we have full confidence in what the voters were supporting. It will be on the November ballot."[46]
On July 31, 2020, Judge Christopher Coury ruled that the 100-word petition language was misleading and enjoined Secretary of State Katie Hobbs from certifying the citizen-initiated measure for the ballot. Judge Coury said the petition did not contain sufficient explanations regarding the type, amount, and permanence of the proposed tax, how revenue would be allocated, and the types of businesses that would be affected. Judge Coury also stated that some petitioner payment practices violated the state's pay-per-signature ban.[48]
Thomas responded to the ruling, "Our state has more than 1.1 million K-12 students that Judge Coury let down today with his judicial activism – and that’s shameful. ... Instead of respecting the voters, Judge Coury inserted his own political views throughout his baseless ruling. We will appeal immediately." The case was appealed to the Arizona Supreme Court.[49]
On August 19, 2020, the Arizona Supreme Court, in a unanimous ruling, stated that the 100-word petition language "did not create a significant danger of confusion or unfairness."[50] The state Supreme Court also found that the compensation structure and incentives for petition circulators did not violate state law.[51]
How to cast a vote
- See also: Voting in Arizona
Click "Show" to learn more about voter registration, identification requirements, and poll times in Arizona.
How to cast a vote in Arizona | |||||
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Poll timesIn Arizona, all polling places are open from 6:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. local time. An individual who is in line at the time polls close must be allowed to vote.[52][53] Registration
To vote in Arizona, one must be a citizen of the United States and a resident of an Arizona county. A voter must be 18 years or older on or before Election Day.[54] To be eligible to vote in an election one must register at least 29 days prior to the election. Individuals can register online, in person at the county recorder's office, or by mail.[54] Automatic registrationArizona does not practice automatic voter registration. Online registration
Arizona has implemented an online voter registration system. Residents can register to vote by visiting this website. Same-day registrationArizona does not allow same-day voter registration. Residency requirementsArizona law requires 29 days of residency in the state before a person may vote. Verification of citizenshipOn March 30, 2022, Governor Doug Ducey (R) signed HB2492 into law. HB2492 requires that voters submitting registration forms not produced by the U.S. Election Assistance Commission submit proof of citizenship along with their registration forms. In the case of registration forms produced by the U.S. Election Assistance Commission, HB2492 requires election officials to "use all available resources to verify the citizenship status" of applicants. Should officials be unable to verify a voter's citizenship status, that voter will be barred from voting in a presidential election or by mail in any election, pending submission of proof of citizenship. Should officials determine that a voter is not a citizen, officials will be required to forward the registration application to the county attorney and the attorney general for investigation. Officials who fail to comply with these requirements are guilty of a Class 6 felony.[55] Verifying your registrationThe site Voter View, run by the Arizona Secretary of State's office, allows residents to check their voter registration status online. Voter ID requirementsArizona requires voters to present photo identification or two forms of non-photo identification while voting.[56][57] The following were accepted forms of identification as of March 2023: Click here for the Arizona Citizens Clean Elections Commission's page on accepted ID to ensure you have the most current information. Voters can present one of the following forms of ID that contain the voter’s photograph, name, and address:
If a voter does not have one of the above forms of ID, the voter can present two of the following forms of ID that contain the voter’s name and address:
Additionally, if a voter presents photo ID that does not list an address within the precinct in which he or she wants to cast a vote, that person may present the photo ID with one non-photo identification material from the second list above. The identification material should include the voter’s address. |
See also
External links
Information
Support
Opposition
Footnotes
- ↑ Goldwater Institute, "Fann et al. v. Yee, November 30, 2020
- ↑ AZ Family, "Judge refuses to block Arizona's new education tax," February 10, 2021
- ↑ AZCentral, "Judge upholds most major provisions of Proposition 208 education tax; Arizona Supreme Court yet to rule," June 15, 2021
- ↑ Yahoo News, "Arizona Supreme Court upholds Prop. 208, won’t allow it to break spending limit," August 21, 2021
- ↑ Court House News, "Fann v. Yee ruling," March 11, 2022
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 AZ Central, "Judge deals fatal blow to Arizona's Proposition 208, ending 2-year battle over K-12 funding," March 11, 2022
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Arizona Secretary of State, "Initiative 31-2020," February 14, 2020
- ↑ NOLO, "What is Arizona's Business Income Tax?" accessed October 13, 2020
- ↑ Arizona Chamber of Commerce and Industry, "Arizona Chamber of Commerce and Industry files committee to oppose income tax hike on small businesses," May 9, 2018
- ↑ Arizona Citizens Clean Elections Commission, "Propositions," accessed September 28, 2020
- ↑ Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ Invest in Education, "Home," accessed July 2, 2020
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 Arizona Secretary of State, "Campaign Finance," accessed February 19, 2020
- ↑ No on Prop 208, "Who's With Us," accessed October 13, 2020
- ↑ Arizona Supreme Court, "Molera v. Reagan," October 26, 2018
- ↑ Arizona Department of Revenue, "Updated Guidance for Arizona Individual Income Taxpayers," accessed July 6, 2020
- ↑ Tax Foundation, "State Individual Income Tax Rates and Brackets for 2019," March 20, 2019
- ↑ National Education Association, "NEA 2018-2019 Teacher Salary Benchmark Report," May 11, 2020
- ↑ Arizona Governor, "Governor Ducey Signs 20 Percent Increase In Teacher Pay," May 3, 2020
- ↑ Arizona Secretary of State, "Initiative 31-2020," February 14, 2020
- ↑ Colorado Secretary of State, "2019-2020 Initiative Filings, Agendas & Results," accessed April 17, 2020
- ↑ Illinois State Legislature, "Senate Joint Resolution Constitutional Amendment 1," accessed May 2, 2019
- ↑ Illinois State Board of Elections,"Committee Search," accessed May 28, 2019
- ↑ Alaska Division of Elections, "Alaska's Fair Share Act," accessed January 13, 2020
- ↑ Anchorage Daily News, "Group says it has enough signatures to put Alaska oil tax initiative on ballot," January 14, 2020
- ↑ APOC, "Online Reports," accessed January 7, 2020
- ↑ Nebraska Secretary of State, "Initiative Petition text," accessed August 22, 2019
- ↑ California Attorney General, "Initiative 19-0008," September 17, 2019
- ↑ California the Legislative Analyst's Office, "A.G. File No. 2019-0008," February 5, 2018
- ↑ California State Legislature, "Assembly Concurrent Resolution 11," accessed May 8, 2019
- ↑ Colorado General Assembly, "SCR 20-001," accessed June 10, 2020
- ↑ Arkansas State Legislature, "House Joint Resolution 1018," accessed March 7, 2019
- ↑ UA Little Rock Public Radio, "Arkansas Governor Signs $95 Million Highway Funding Bill Into Law," accessed March 25, 2019
- ↑ Arkansas Ethics Commission, "Filings," accessed August 18, 2020
- ↑ Colorado State Legislature, "House Bill 20-1427," accessed June 15, 2020
- ↑ Oregon State Legislature, "HB 2270," accessed June 25, 2019
- ↑ Colorado Secretary of State, "2019-2020 Initiative Filings, Agendas & Results," accessed February 10, 2020
- ↑ Nebraska State Legislature, "LR14CA," accessed April 5, 2019
- ↑ Facebook, "Invest in Education," accessed July 2, 2020
- ↑ Twitter, "Secretary Katie Hobbs," July 31, 2020
- ↑ Twitter, "Secretary Katie Hobbs," August 21, 2020
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 Arizona Supreme Court, "Arizonans for Second Chances, Rehabilitation, and Public Safety et al. v. Hobbs," April 2, 2020
- ↑ Arizona Capitol Times, "Hobbs won’t contest legal challenge to put initiative signature gathering online," April 6, 2020
- ↑ AZCentral, "Arizona Supreme Court rejects bid by groups to gather initiative petition signatures online," May 13, 2020
- ↑ Arizona Supreme Court, "Order," May 13, 2020
- ↑ 46.0 46.1 Mohave Daily News, "Foes of initiative to raise taxes on wealth file lawsuit," July 11, 2020
- ↑ KJZZ, "Business Groups Claim Arizona Ballot Measure Will Increase Taxes By 80%," July 12, 2020
- ↑ Maricopa County Superior Court, "Molera v. Hobbs," July 31, 2020
- ↑ Phoenix News Times, "Education Initiative Ruling Could Doom Future Ballot Measures, Critics Argue," August 6, 2020
- ↑ AZ Mirror, "Arizona Supreme Court says Invest in Ed will be on November’s ballot," August 19, 2020
- ↑ Arizona Supreme Court, "Molera v. Hobbs," August 19, 2020
- ↑ Arizona Revised Statutes, "Title 16, Section 565," accessed March 14, 2023
- ↑ Arizona generally observes Mountain Standard Time; however, the Navajo Nation observes daylight saving time. Because of this, Mountain Daylight Time is sometimes observed in Arizona.
- ↑ 54.0 54.1 Arizona Secretary of State, "Registration Requirements," accessed March 14, 2023
- ↑ Arizona Legislature, "HB2492," accessed March 14, 2023
- ↑ ArizonaElections.gov, "What ID Do I Need to Vote Quiz," accessed March 14, 2023
- ↑ FindLaw.com, "Arizona Revised Statutes Title 16. Elections and Electors § 16-579. Procedure for obtaining ballot by elector," accessed March 14, 2023
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