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Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Arctic is warming faster than any other region of the world, a phenomenon which is known as the amplification of the global climate changing. Arctic warming has accelerated and resulted in the reduction of multiyear and single-year sea ice in this region. Sea ice plays a fundamental role in regulating key earth system processes, including nutrient cycling, air–sea gas exchanges, and climate changes in the Arctic regions. The sea ice retreat in the Arctic Ocean will significantly impact ice–ocean–atmosphere exchanges of different materials, such as CO₂, N₂O, CH₄, DMS, VOCs, aerosols, etc. The increase of greenhouse gases, DMS, and aerosols due to sea ice melting in the Arctic will significantly impact regional climates and change the carbon and sulfur cycles between ocean and atmosphere. However, how the sea ice melting impacts ice–ocean–atmosphere exchanges is a question whose answer is still a mystery when it comes to the Arctic Ocean, due to the limitations of field observations. This Special Issue aims to better understand the response and feedback of ice–ocean–atmosphere interaction to the rapid changes of the Arctic.

Dr. Jinpei Yan
Guest Editor

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Keywords

sea ice
air sea exchanges
biogenic gases
greenhouse gases
aerosols
climate change
ocean acidification
VOCs
arctic ocean

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2359 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Distribution and Driving Mechanism of N₂O in Sea Ice and Its Underlying Seawater during Arctic Melt Season

by Jian Liu, Liyang Zhan, Qingkai Wang, Man Wu, Wangwang Ye, Jiexia Zhang, Yuhong Li, Jianwen Wen and Liqi Chen

Water 2022, 14(2), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14020145 - 07 Jan 2022

Viewed by 1640

Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is the third most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, and the ocean is an important source of N₂O. As the Arctic Ocean is strongly affected by global warming, rapid ice melting can have a significant impact on the N₂O pattern in the Arctic environment. To better understand this impact, N₂O concentration in ice core and underlying seawater (USW) was measured during the seventh Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition (CHINARE2016). The results showed that the average N₂O concentration in first-year ice (FYI) was 4.5 ± 1.0 nmol kg⁻¹, and that in multi-year ice (MYI) was 4.8 ± 1.9 nmol kg⁻¹. Under the influence of exchange among atmosphere-sea ice-seawater systems, brine dynamics and possible N₂O generation processes at the bottom of sea ice, the FYI showed higher N₂O concentrations at the bottom and surface, while lower N₂O concentrations were seen inside sea ice. Due to the melting of sea ice and biogeochemical processes, USW presented as the sink of N₂O, and the saturation varied from 47.2% to 102.2%. However, the observed N₂O concentrations in USW were higher than that of T-N₂O_USW due to the sea–air exchange, diffusion process, possible N₂O generation mechanism, and the influence of precipitation, and a more detailed mechanism is needed to understand this process in the Arctic Ocean. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ice-Ocean-Atmosphere Exchanges in the Arctic Region and Its Impacts)

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Review

Jump to: Research

13 pages, 7643 KiB

Open AccessReview

Effects of Arctic Warming on Microbes and Methane in Different Land Types in Svalbard

by Fang Zhang, Han Zhang, Shaofeng Pei, Liyang Zhan and Wangwang Ye

Water 2021, 13(22), 3296; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13223296 - 21 Nov 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2565

Abstract

Climate change is having a profound impact on Arctic microbiomes and their living environments. However, we have only incomplete knowledge about the seasonal and inter-annual variations observed among these microbes and about their methane regulation mechanisms with respect to glaciers, glacial melting, snow lakes and coastal marine water. This gap in our knowledge limits our understanding of the linkages between climate and environmental change. In the Arctic, there are large reservoirs of methane which are sensitive to temperature changes. If global warming intensifies, larger quantities of methane stored in deep soil and sediments will be released into the atmosphere, causing irreversible effects on the global ecosystem. Methane production is mainly mediated by microorganisms. Although we have some knowledge of microbial community structure, we know less about the methane-correlated microbes in different land types in the Svalbard archipelago, and we do not have a comprehensive grasp of the relationship between them. That is the main reason we have written this paper, in which current knowledge of microorganisms and methane-correlated types in High Arctic Svalbard is described. The problems that need to be addressed in the future are also identified. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ice-Ocean-Atmosphere Exchanges in the Arctic Region and Its Impacts)

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