Response Mechanism of Non-point Source Nitrogen Output in Farmland

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Quality and Contamination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 September 2021) | Viewed by 5581

Special Issue Editor

Institute of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Interests: integrated water resources management; diffuse water pollution; risk analysis of water pollution; environmental health risk assessment; environmental impact assessment of river development

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Non-point source nitrogen pollution is caused by agricultural nitrogen output, which is the result of the interaction between unreasonable human economic activity and the fragile ecological environment. A central theme is the response mechanism of non-point source nitrogen nutrient output in farmland related to water pollution. The Special Issue's core subject-matter fields/topics include (but are not limited to):

  • Fundamental issues of non-point source nitrogen pollution control and aquatic ecosystem protection;
  • Effect of the ecosystem restoration process on agricultural non-point source nitrogen pollution;
  • Interlinks between non-point source nitrogen output and biological, ecological, and human health effects;
  • Treatment, purification and retention of agricultural runoff: nitrogen nutrients in the farmland;
  • Resource and reuse of agricultural wastes: the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source nitrogen pollution;
  • Biotechnology for non-point source nitrogen pollution monitoring and treatment;
  • Modelling of pollution processes, patterns, or trends of nitrogen nutrient loss and pollutant output that is of clear environmental and/or human health interest;
  • Control of specific agricultural wastewater, including rural domestic sewage, agricultural runoff, and livestock farm wastewater;
  • In the context of climate change, the response mechanism of agricultural non-point source nitrogen pollution;
  • The agricultural non-point source nitrogen pollution and control technology research in the watershed area.

The Special Issue on “Response Mechanism of Non-Point Source Nitrogen Output in Farmland” is aimed at collecting cutting-edge research on this topic.

Prof. Dr. Hongguang Cheng
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • non-point source pollution
  • aquatic ecosystem protection
  • nitrogen pollution output
  • agricultural runoff
  • climate change
  • pollution in the watershed
  • response mechanism

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 14161 KiB  
Article
Validation of an In-Situ Observation Method for Nonpoint Source Pollution in Paddy Fields: A Case Study of a Beijing Paddy Field
by Ya Liao, Jingyi He, Baolin Su, Junfeng Dou, Yunqiang Xu and Lifen Li
Water 2021, 13(22), 3235; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13223235 - 15 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1481
Abstract
A Beijing paddy field, along with in-situ experiments, was used to validate and refine the in-situ observation (IO) method to describe nonpoint source pollution (NPS) in paddy fields. Based on synchronous observed rainfall, water depth, and water quality data at two locations (1# [...] Read more.
A Beijing paddy field, along with in-situ experiments, was used to validate and refine the in-situ observation (IO) method to describe nonpoint source pollution (NPS) in paddy fields. Based on synchronous observed rainfall, water depth, and water quality data at two locations (1# (near inlet) and 2# (near outlet)) with large elevation differences, the evapotranspiration and infiltration loss (ET+F), runoff depth and NPS pollution load were calculated according to IO, and a common method was used to calculate ET+F. Then, the results of the different methods and locations were compared and analyzed. The results showed that 1# observation point was located at a lower position compared with 2# observation point. According to 1# observation point, there were 5 days of dry field in the drying period, which was consistent with the actual drying period, and there was a dry period of 9 days based on 2# observation point. The ET+F estimated by IO fit well with the calculated values. In the experiment, 6 overflows and 1 drainage event were identified from the observed data at locations 1# and 2#. The relative deviation of the NPS pollution of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) was between 0.6% and 2.0%. The water level gauge location had little influence on IO but mostly affected the water depth observations during the field drying period. The mareographs should be installed in low-lying paddy field areas to monitor water depth variation throughout the whole rice-growing season. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Response Mechanism of Non-point Source Nitrogen Output in Farmland)
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13 pages, 3247 KiB  
Article
The Impact of the Changes in Climate, Land Use and Direct Human Activity on the Discharge in Qingshui River Basin, China
by Mengxue Zhang, Radosław Stodolak and Jianxin Xia
Water 2021, 13(21), 3147; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13213147 - 08 Nov 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1756
Abstract
Climate, land use and human activity have an impact on the Qingshui River in Chongli County. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to separately analyze the contributions of climate, land use and direct human activity on the discharge variations. The [...] Read more.
Climate, land use and human activity have an impact on the Qingshui River in Chongli County. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to separately analyze the contributions of climate, land use and direct human activity on the discharge variations. The results indicated that human activity had been the dominant factor for the discharge decrease, while climate and land use change had a positive influence on the discharge increase. The contributions of these three factors were −56.24%, 38.59% and 5.17%, respectively. Moreover, on the seasonal scale, the impact of those factors was consistent with their impact on the annual scale. Human activity was the main factor for discharge decrease in the summer, the contribution accounting for −77.13%. Due to the over-extraction of groundwater for irrigation and use in the mining industry, the discharge showed a decreasing tendency, which has the potential to place stress on sustainable water use in the future. The result of the study may contribute to the optimization of water resource allocation and management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Response Mechanism of Non-point Source Nitrogen Output in Farmland)
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11 pages, 2556 KiB  
Article
Distribution and Geochemical Processes of Arsenic in Lake Qinghai Basin, China
by Yuanxin Cao, Chunye Lin and Xuan Zhang
Water 2021, 13(8), 1091; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13081091 - 15 Apr 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1748
Abstract
Lake Qinghai in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is the largest lake in China, but the geochemical understanding of arsenic (As) in the lake is lacking. Water, sediment, and soil samples were collected from Lake Qinghai, rivers flowing into the lake, and lands around the [...] Read more.
Lake Qinghai in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is the largest lake in China, but the geochemical understanding of arsenic (As) in the lake is lacking. Water, sediment, and soil samples were collected from Lake Qinghai, rivers flowing into the lake, and lands around the lake. Water samples were analyzed for major ions and As, while sediment and soil samples were analyzed for major elements and As. The average As concentration (25.55 μg L−1) in the lake water was significantly higher than that (1.39 μg L−1) in the river water (p < 0.05), due to the evaporative concentration of lake water. The average As concentration (107.8 μg L−1) in the pore water was significantly higher than that in the lake water, due to its secondary release from sediment solid phases in the reductive condition. The average As/Cl, As/SO42− and As/Na molar ratios in the lake water were significantly lower than that in the river water, indicating As was partially transferred from dissolved phase to solid phase in the evaporative concentration process of the lake water. The average As/Ca molar ratio in the lake water was significantly higher than that in the river water, indicating more Ca than As precipitated in the lake water. Furthermore, the average As/Ca molar ratio in the lake water was significantly lower than that in the pore water, indicating more As than Ca was secondarily released from sediment solid phases. The average concentration of As(III) and As(V) were 0.35 and 1.04 μg L−1 for the river water, respectively, and 6.99 and 18.56 μg L−1 for the lake water, indicating As(V) was the predominant As form. The average As concentration was 16.75 mg kg−1 for the lake sediment and 13.14 mg kg−1 for the soil around the lake. Arsenic concentration was significantly negatively correlated with S and Ca concentration in the lake sediments, due to solid dilution effect induced by carbonate and sulfate precipitation. The average As/Sc molar ratio in the sediment (2.06) was significantly higher than that in the soil (1.32), indicating that relatively more As was enriched in the lake sediment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Response Mechanism of Non-point Source Nitrogen Output in Farmland)
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